Health checks: what to expect and why they matter

Health checks can help you understand your health, identify possible risks and decide whether any changes or follow-up care may be useful. Some checks are offered routinely, while others are recommended because of your age, medical history, family history or symptoms.

A health check is not a guarantee that you are free from illness. It is one way to spot potential concerns early and make informed choices about your health.

What happens during a health check?

The checks offered depend on the reason for your appointment. A health professional may ask about your general wellbeing, medical history, medicines, family history, smoking, alcohol use, diet and physical activity. They may also measure your:

• blood pressure
• height, weight and body mass index (BMI)
• waist measurement
• cholesterol or blood glucose levels, using a blood test or finger-prick test

Some health checks may include other tests or discussions, such as a review of your mental wellbeing, vaccinations or screening appointments. You can ask what each test is for and whether there are any possible drawbacks before agreeing to it.

NHS Health Checks in England

In England, eligible people aged 40 to 74 who do not already have certain conditions are generally invited for an NHS Health Check every five years. The check looks at factors linked with conditions such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. Your local service can explain whether you are eligible and how to book.

Health-check programmes and eligibility can differ across the UK. In Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, contact your GP practice or local health service for information about checks available in your area.

Other routine checks and screening

Some checks are separate from a general health check. Examples include cervical screening, breast screening and bowel cancer screening. These are offered to eligible groups, and the invitation process and age ranges can vary across the UK. If you receive an invitation, read the information provided and contact the screening service or your GP practice if you have questions.

People with long-term conditions may also be offered regular reviews. These can help monitor the condition, check that treatment is working and discuss any support needed.

How to prepare

Before your appointment, it may help to:

• make a note of any health concerns or questions
• bring a list of medicines, vitamins and supplements you take
• mention relevant family medical history
• ask whether you need to fast or do anything else beforehand
• tell the practice if you need an interpreter or another form of support

Do not stop taking prescribed medicines unless a health professional tells you to.

Understanding your results

Ask when and how you will receive your results, and who to contact if you have questions. A result outside the usual range does not always mean that you have a health problem. It may need to be repeated or interpreted alongside other information. If a result suggests further assessment, your clinician can explain the next steps.

Results can also highlight areas where small changes may reduce health risks. Depending on your circumstances, a health professional might discuss physical activity, food choices, stopping smoking, reducing alcohol or managing stress. Support should be tailored to you; you do not need to make every change at once.

When to seek help

Routine health checks are intended for people who are not seeking help for a new or worsening problem. If you have symptoms that concern you, contact your GP practice or NHS 111 for advice rather than waiting for your next check. For a life-threatening emergency, call 999.

Taking part in appropriate health checks can be a useful opportunity to ask questions, review your wellbeing and find out whether any further support would benefit you.

 

Understanding NHS Health Checks: Key Questions Answered

1. What is included in a health check?
2. Who is eligible for an NHS Health Check in England?
3. How often should I have a health check?
4. Do I need to prepare for a health check?
5. Are health checks free on the NHS?
6. What happens if my health check results are abnormal?
7. Can I have a health check if I have symptoms or a long-term condition?

What is included in a health check?

A health check usually includes a discussion of your medical and family history, lifestyle and any concerns, along with measurements such as blood pressure, height, weight and sometimes waist size. Depending on the type of check and your circumstances, you may also be offered blood tests, for example to assess cholesterol or blood glucose. The exact checks vary, so ask the healthcare professional what is included and whether you need to prepare.

Who is eligible for an NHS Health Check in England?

In England, an NHS Health Check is generally offered every five years to adults aged 40 to 74 who do not already have certain health conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease or a history of stroke. If you are eligible, your local service should invite you, but you can contact your GP practice or local council to ask about booking. If you are over 74, you can still speak to your GP about checks that may be appropriate for you.

How often should I have a health check?

How often you should have a health check depends on your age, health, medical history and the type of check. In England, eligible adults aged 40 to 74 are generally invited for an NHS Health Check every five years; arrangements may differ elsewhere in the UK. You may need more frequent reviews if you have a long-term condition or specific risk factors, so ask your GP or healthcare professional what is appropriate for you. Don’t wait for a routine check if you develop symptoms or have concerns about your health.

Do I need to prepare for a health check?

Preparation depends on the type of health check, so check your appointment details or contact the provider beforehand. You may be asked to fast before certain blood tests, but do not stop taking prescribed medicines unless a health professional tells you to. It can also help to bring a list of your medicines and any questions or health concerns you would like to discuss.

Are health checks free on the NHS?

Yes. NHS health checks and eligible screening appointments are usually free for people who qualify, though what’s offered and who is eligible can vary across the UK. In England, eligible adults aged 40 to 74 are generally invited for an NHS Health Check every five years. Ask your GP practice or local health service what’s available in your area. Private health checks usually incur a charge.

What happens if my health check results are abnormal?

If your health check results are abnormal, it does not necessarily mean that you have a health problem. A health professional will explain what the results may mean and whether you need a repeat test, further investigations or treatment. They may also discuss practical steps to support your health. Ask any questions you have, and make sure you understand what happens next and when you should expect follow-up.

Can I have a health check if I have symptoms or a long-term condition?

Yes, but a routine health check may not be the right appointment if you have new or worsening symptoms. Contact your GP practice or NHS 111 for advice so your symptoms can be assessed appropriately. If you have a long-term condition, you may still be able to have a health check, although some checks are not intended for people already diagnosed with certain conditions. Your GP practice can advise what is suitable and arrange any regular condition reviews you need. For a life-threatening emergency, call 999.